% CHANGES TO VOLUME 3 OF THE ART OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
%
% Copyright (C) 2011 by Donald E. Knuth
% This file may be freely copied provided that no modifications are made.
% All other rights are reserved.
%
% Three levels of changes to the books are distinguished here:
%
% "\bugonpage" introduces the correction of an error;
% "\amendpage" introduces new material for future editions;
% "\improvepage" introduces ameliorations of lesser importance.
%
% (Changes introduced by \improvepage do not appear in the hardcopy listing.)
%
% Also, "\planforpage" introduces some of the author's half-baked intentions.
%

% NOTE: TO PUT THE INDEX ON A SEPARATE PAGE, RUN THIS WITH THE COMMAND LINE
%   tex "\let\indexeject+ \input err3"

\newif\ifall % \alltrue means show the trivial items too
\relax % hook

\def\vertical{|}
\def\inref#1 #{\expandafter\def\csname\vertical#1\endcsname}
\catcode`|=\active
\let|\inref \input \jobname.ref
\catcode`|=12

\input taocpmac % use the format for TAOCP, with modifications below

\def\becomes{\ifmmode\ \hbox\fi{\manfnt y}\ } % wiggly arrow indicates a change

\def\bugonpage#1.#2 #3 (#4) {
  \medbreak\defaultpointsize
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   {\bf Page #2}\enspace #3
   \leaders\hrule\hfill\ \eightrm\date#4.}
  \nobreak\smallskip\iftrue\noindent}
\def\amendpage#1.#2 #3 (#4) {
  \medbreak\defaultpointsize
  \line{\kern-5pt{\bf Page #2}\enspace #3
   \leaders\hrule\hfill\ \eightrm\date#4.}
  \nobreak\smallskip\iftrue\noindent}
\def\improvepage#1.#2 #3 (#4) {\ifall
  \medbreak\ninepoint
  \line{\kern-6pt{\sl Page #2\enspace #3\/}
   \leaders\hrule\hfill\ \eightrm\date#4.}
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  \nobreak\smallskip\begingroup\let\endchange=\endgroup\sl\noindent}
\let\endchange=\fi
\def\nl{\par\noindent}
\def\nlh{\par\noindent\hangit}
\def\hangit{\hangindent2em}
\def\cutpar{{\parfillskip=0pt\par}}

\def\date#1.#2.#3.{% convert "yy.mm.dd." to "dd Mon 19yy"
  #3
  \ifcase#2\or Jan\or Feb\or Mar\or Apr\or May\or Jun\or
               Jul\or Aug\or Sep\or Oct\or Nov\or Dec\fi
  \ \ifnum #1<97 \hundred#1\else19#1\fi}
\def\hundred{20} % the "century" for dates before '97

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  \textindent{\bf#1.}[{\it#2\/}]\kern6pt}
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  \textindent{\llap{\manfnt x}\bf#1.}[{\it#2\/}]\kern6pt}

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\def\refin#1 {\let|\inref \input #1.ref \let|\crossref}

\let\defaultpointsize=\tenpoint

%%%%%%%%%%%%%% opening remarks %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\lhead{INTRODUCTION}
\let\rhead=\lhead
\titlepage
\volheadline{THE ART OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING}
\bigskip
\volheadline{ERRATA TO VOLUME 3 (after 2010)}
\bigskip

\noindent This document is a transcript of the notes that I have been making
in my personal copy of {\sl The Art of Computer Programming}, Volume~3 (second
edition, 27th printing) since it was first printed in 2011.
Previous errata are recorded in another file `{\tt all3-pre.ps}'.

\ifall Four levels of updates\dash---``errors,'' ``amendments,'' ``plans,''
   and ``improvements''\dash---appear, indicated by four
\else Three levels of updates\dash---``errors,'' ``amendments,'' and
   ``plans''\dash---appear, indicated by three \fi
different typographic conventions:
\begingroup\def\hundred{17}

\bugonpage 0.666 line 1 (76.07.04)
Technical or typographical errors (aka bugs) are the most critical items, so
they are flagged with a `\thinspace{\manfnt x}\thinspace' preceding the page
number. The date on which I first was told about the bug is shown; this is the
effective date on which I paid the finder's fee. The necessary
corrections are indicated in
a straightforward way. If,~for example, the book says
`$n$' where it should have said `$n+1$', the change is shown thus:
\smallskip
$n$ \becomes $n+1$
\endchange

\amendpage 0.666 line 2 (89.07.14)
Amendments to the text appear in the same format as bugs, but without
the~`\thinspace{\manfnt x}\thinspace'. These are things I wish I had known
about or thought of when I wrote the original text, so I added them later.
The date is the date I drafted the new text.
\endchange

\def\hundred{19}

\planforpage 0.666 line 3 (17.11.20)
Plans for the future represent a third kind of item. In such notes I~sketched
my intentions about things that I wasn't ready to flesh out further when
I~wrote them down. You can identify these items because they're written in
slanted type, and preceded by a bunch of dots
`\hbox to 6em{\leaders\hbox to 5pt{\hss.\hss}\hfill}' leading to the date on
which I recorded the plan in my files.
\endchange

\improvepage 0.666 line 4 (38.01.10)
The fourth and final category\dash---indicated by page and line number in
smaller, slanted type\dash---consists of minor corrections or improvements
that most readers don't want to know about, because they are so trivial.
You wouldn't even
be seeing these items if you hadn't specifically chosen to print the complete
errata list in all its gory details.
Are you sure you wanted to do that?
\endchange

\endgroup
\ifall\else\medskip\ninepoint
My personal file of updates also includes a fourth category of items, not
shown in this list. They are miscellaneous minor corrections or improvements
that most readers don't want to know about, because they are so trivial.
If you really want to see all of the gory details,
you can download the full list from Internet webpage
$$\.{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/\char`\~knuth/taocp.html}$$
by selecting the ``long form'' of the errata.
\fi

\medskip
\tenpoint
My shelves at home are
bursting with preprints and reprints of significant research results that I
want to digest and summarize, where appropriate, in the ultimate edition of
Volume~3. I didn't do that in the second edition because I would surely have to do
it over again later: New results continue to pour forth at a great rate, and I
will have time to rewrite that volume only~once. Volumes 4 and~5 need to be
finished first. So I've put most of my effort so far into writing up
those parts of the total picture that seem to have converged to their
near-final form. It follows, somewhat paradoxically, that the updates in this
document are most current in the areas where there has been least activity.

On the other hand I do believe that the changes listed here bring Volume~3
completely up to date in two respects: (1)~All of the research problems in the
previous edition\dash---i.e., all exercises that were rated 46 and
above\dash---have received new ratings of 45 or less whenever I learned of a
solution; and in such cases, the answer now refers to that solution.
(2)~All of the historical information about pioneering developments has been
amended whenever new details have come to my attention.

\beginconstruction
The ultimate, glorious, 100\% perfect editions of Volumes 1--4A are works in progress.
Please let me know of any improvements that you think I ought to make.
Send your comments either by snail mail to D.~E. Knuth, Computer
Science, Gates Building 4B, Stanford University, Stanford CA~94305-9045,
or by email to
{\tt taocp{\char`\@}cs.stanford.edu}. (Use email for book suggestions
only, please\dash---all
other correspondence is returned unread to the sender, or discarded,
because I have no time to
read ordinary email.) Although I'm working full time on
Volume~4B these days, I~will try to reply to all such messages
within a year of receipt. Current news about {\sl The Art of Computer
Programming\/} is posted on
$$\.{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/\char`~knuth/taocp.html}$$
and updated regularly.
\par\endconstruction
\rightline{\dash---Don Knuth, February 1998}

\bigskip
\bigskip
{\quoteformat
Writing a series like {\rm The Art of Computer Programming}
is similar to painting the Forth Rail Bridge.
No sooner is it finished than
the job must be started again.
\author MALCOLM CLARK (1992)
% A plain TeX primer, Oxford University Press, page 7
\bigskip\bigskip
The time when\/ {\rm The Guardian} ceases to make mistakes altogether
is not, at the moment, foreseeable.
\author IAN MAYES (1998)
% quoted in IHT, 17 Feb 98, p5
% he is Reader's Editor of the Manchester Guardian
\vfill\eject
}

\def\today{\number\day\space\ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
  \space\number\year}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CHANGES FOR VOLUME 3 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\lhead{CHANGES TO VOLUME 3: SORTING AND SEARCHING}
\let\rhead=\lhead
\titlepage
\volheadline{SORTING AND SEARCHING}
\bigskip
\rightline{Copyright \copyright\ 2011 Addison\with Wesley; all rights reserved}
\rightline{Last updated \today}
\bigskip
\rightline{\sl Most of these corrections have already been made in
                  recent printings.}
\smallskip
\let\defaultpointsize=\tenpoint

\amendpage 3.x line 16 (11.06.16)
a {\it 45\/} rating \becomes
a {\it 40\/} rating
\endchange

\amendpage 3.129 line $-5$ (11.07.16)
used before \becomes used at the end of Section 5.1.4
\endchange

\amendpage 3.133 the line following {\eq(48)} (11.11.05)
ignore $\delta(n)$ \becomes ignore the ``wobbles'' of $\delta(n)$
\endchange

\bugonpage 3.202 line $-16$ (11.05.16)
F. Hwang \becomes F. K. Hwang
\endchange

\bugonpage 3.205 line 1 of exercise 11 (11.05.16)
\ninepoint F. Hwang \becomes F. K. Hwang
\endchange

\bugonpage 3.315 bottom line [but only in 17th--28th printings!] (11.03.27)
instead of as a \becomes instead of as
\endchange

\let\defaultpointsize=\ninepoint % get ready for answer pages

\bugonpage 3.660 line 9 of answer 23 (11.02.26)
$x_{11}\gets 1$ \becomes $x_{11}\gets 0$
\endchange

\let\defaultpointsize=\tenpoint % begin appendices

\amendpage 3.757 new entries for Appendix C (11.04.17)
\ninepoint\noindent
Program 5.2.1D$'$, 620.\nl
Program 6.1S$'$, 702.
\endchange

\bugonpage 3.757 and 758 in Appendix C (11.04.17)
\ninepoint\noindent
Theorem 5.1.2C, 28--29.\nl
Algorithm 5.2.2R, 123, 125.\nl
Algorithm 5.4.2A, 267.\nl
Program 6.2.3A, 464--466.\nl
[also delete the first entry for Program 5.2C]
\endchange

\expandafter\ifx\csname indexeject\endcsname\relax\else\vfill\eject\fi
\amendpage 3.759 and following (11.01.01)
Miscellaneous changes to the existing index of Volume~3 are collected here,
including corrections and amendments to the old entries as well as new entries
that are occasioned by the new material. Thus, the lines of the full index
that have changed serve also as an index to the present document. However,
when a correction or amendment has caused an old index entry to be deleted,
the deletion is usually not indicated.

\input exotic
\begindoublecolumns
\indexformat
\gdef\Uni1.08:{\bitmap24:1.08:}
\hangindent 2em
Wobbles, 133, 636, 727. % 29th

\vfill
\enddoublecolumns
\endchange

\bye

[The next printing will be the 30th.]
not mentioned above:
page 28, period following display in (19)
page 48, colon preceding (2)
page 58, colon preceding (33)
page 221, slightly better wording in line 12
page 533, middle top, better spacing in "Comp. J."
page 750, larger $n$ in caption
Boehm McGraw entry in index, paren not brack

check 7.5.1 |reg-bp-match| = E

ARTICLES "TO APPEAR" THAT ARE STILL PENDING: